In his article, Bell says this business organization simplified the scientific management essay in to a number of steps. Scientific Management Theory Essay Good Essays. Order paper like this. The author introduces the concept of the "new means of consumption" to illustrate the ways in which not only business, scientific management essay, but cultural practices are threatened by McDonaldization. Professional experts can help. Also, according to the theory of scientific management, the employer should ensure that there is maximum cooperation with the employee. London: Heinemann Head, Simon,
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According to the theory of management, scientific management refers to strategies that are used to determine how best a certain job can be performed in an organization. Scientific management can also be technically defined as management thought primarily concerned with the physical efficiency of an individual worker Harris,p. According to Ritzerp. Nowadays, most organizations in the industry make use of scientific management. Some of these organizations include hospitals, scientific management essay, car and computer manufacturing industries, processing plants, hotels and restaurants among others. Despite many criticisms and theories that dismiss the scientific management essay of scientific management in modern times, this paper analyses the impact of scientific management essay management in the 21st century.
Although scientific management has a great, positive impact in the 21st century, it also has some disadvantages. This may influence of scientific management in the current work environments leading to inefficiency. Taylor who is referred to as the father of scientific management developed the theory of scientific management. Before the invention of this scientific management essay, most business organizations used the rule of thumb. This is where the worker had the initiative and control. In the application of the rule of thumb, it was the efforts of the worker which gave results of the business productivity, scientific management essay, either a success or failure. According to Taylorp. His aim and motion to develop the theory of scientific management was to replace the rule of thumb which was unproductive and inefficient.
There are key principles of scientific management. Some of these principles include time study, functional foremanship, and use of equipment and implements of a high standard in trading, use of standard acts of workmen, scientific management essay, use of functions that are uniquely planned among many others. The key principle of scientific management is geared towards ensuring that employees and employers prosper to the maximum. Scientific management not only ensures large revenues to the company, but also ensuring that every branch of business has developed to its high state of excellence. Again, scientific management does not only ensure higher wages received by the employee than the usual wage of his class, but also the development of each employee for maximum efficiency.
Taylor argues that there should be a machine like operation in an organization portrayed by employees in order to ensure efficiency scientific management essay is directly proportional to profitability. Scientific management theory asserts that workers should be trained and scientifically selected, scientific management essay. This enhances increased profitability in an organization. This is because a highly trained and qualified worker means quality production Taylor, Also, according to the theory of scientific management, the employer should ensure that there is maximum cooperation with the employee. This gives an assurance of scientific management essay in the job.
In addition, each work performed by every employee should be tested to ensure that it has utilized the best procedure. Scientific management has a clear and strict approach. The management used in an organization should have a structural system that defines the functions of various departments, groups, and individuals. Taylor believed that the best job in an organization could be produced by using scientific management essay perfect method, scientific management essay, which could be implemented by the employees. Through this belief, Taylor wanted to create specialization in the organizations in order for each employee to specialize in one line of production leading to increased profitability.
Scientific management focuses on the activities performed by the workers in an organization. The importance of scientific management essay was that scientific management makes the workers or employees efficient. This increases the production capacity of the company. This helps in meeting the objectives of all stakeholders. In his analysis, Taylor focused on time and motion used in the achievement of organizational goals. This is derived from the ability of the organization to maximize the efforts all stakeholders in the organization. Secondly, scientific management has led to development of offshore markets. This has resulted from its ability to analyze techniques used in labor within the organization.
The use of these labor techniques scientific management essay what makes most of the functions that were done in United States to be done oversees. On the same note, scientific management essay, scientific management has come up with methods of production that are most effective and cheap Harris, p. Again, due to the discovery of the theory of scientific management, companies and industries have been able to produce high total quality products. Scientific management has led to quality improvement that has greatly improved the profitability of the company Giovanni,pp. For example, industries like the automotive and the military industries have greatly improved their product quality.
This has been achieved through the use of techniques introduced by Taylor in his discovery of scientific management. The discovery and implementation of scientific management in the organization has created division of labor among the employees. Division of labor in an organization produces better results and high standards. This helps to create better productivity in the organization and contribute to enhanced product quality, scientific management essay. This is because every employee works in the field where he is skilled at. The organizations also benefit from the scientific management in that it helps them come up with a good and organized organizational structure.
This approach of creating a good organizational structure was meant to improve efficiency and give employees a motivation right from the lower level, scientific management essay. Ritzerp. This had an enormous effect on the social aspect of life of the employees as it increased the discipline in the working area Harris,p. Most companies in the 21st century have adopted the use scientific management in their operations. A good example is the American fast food restaurant that is known worldwide because of its advanced management skills. In his book, Thomasp. Ford said believed that the profitability of the business organization could be improved scientific management essay having every employee working according to an assembly line.
Ford implemented this in a car manufacturing industry after Taylor invented the idea of division of labor. The American company has adopted a design for the various branches of the food chain in its operations Sigmund,pp. This style reduces the number of steps the employees would take to complete a certain duty. In his study on motion, Bell brought the idea of avoiding unnecessary tasks in scientific management essay organization. This has been adopted by the American fast food restaurant in order to avoid wastage of time. The American fast foods restaurant uses this idea to create hamburger. In his article, Bell says this business organization simplified the hamburger in to a number of steps. This was done as follows; grilling the burger, scientific management essay, put in lettuce and tomatoes add sauce then put into rolls and wrap.
This has improved efficiency and as well creates specialization because every task required a different employee. Although scientific management has been of great significance in this restaurant, it has had some limitations. It limits the employees with advanced skills. This is because the skills are just wasted in the highly simplified job operations. This not only denies the opportunity for skill presentation but also their human rights as individuals, scientific management essay. Scientific management has also been applied today in supermarkets. This is because supermarkets employ different people due to the different tasks like stacking shelves, scanning products sold in supermarkets and handling of queries.
Another area that uses scientific management is the center for calls which initially used the rule of thumb, scientific management essay. This was replaced by scientific management in order to make services from employees efficient and appropriate Bell,p. As discussed by Ritzerp. This was used in these call centers where the senior managers recorded the conversations of the employees hence this kept the employees under the control of their employers. Airport is another industry that has adopted the use of scientific management in its daily operations. A good example of this is in tagging with a barcode the luggage and bags as they are carried through sensors in the conveyor belt. This improves efficiency in the industry.
Again, scientific management essay car manufacturing industries, there is also application of the scientific management. Car manufacturing industries like Toyota make use of this principle in making their products. The process is broken down to various steps. This increases efficiency and improves the quality of the products hence increasing productivity. Another organization using scientific management is the hospitals, scientific management essay, which have a reception office. Scientific management has some limitations.
This creates dissatisfaction in the work place. It has been asserted that money is a basic need for employees and that all social factors are considered to motivate them. It also seems difficult to implement scientific management because with specialization of employees in tasks businesses cannot create competition in the market. Borrowing from the assertions in this paper, it can be argued that scientific management has been of much influence to companies and business organizations. This is because its positive impacts to the companies outweigh the negatives impacts. Therefore, it is advisable for companies to adopt some scientific management essay the usefulness of scientific management in order to improve efficiency and effectiveness in their operations.
This will help scientific management essay profitability. This is because not all operations and scientific management essay in companies and business organizations need to adopt scientific management to improve profitability. Bell, RLTeaching present-day employees the value of scientific management essay management, Supervision, Vol. Giovanni, SThe challenges of measuring business excellence in the 21st century, Measuring Business ExcellenceVol. Harris, PRManagement Challenges for the 21st Century, European Business ReviewVol. Taylor, FWThe principles of scientific management, Harper and Row, New York. Academy of Management ReviewVol.
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Scientific management has a clear and strict approach. The management used in an organization should have a structural system that defines the functions of various departments, groups, and individuals. Taylor believed that the best job in an organization could be produced by using a perfect method, which could be implemented by the employees. Through this belief, Taylor wanted to create specialization in the organizations in order for each employee to specialize in one line of production leading to increased profitability. Scientific management focuses on the activities performed by the workers in an organization.
The importance of this was that scientific management makes the workers or employees efficient. This increases the production capacity of the company. This helps in meeting the objectives of all stakeholders. In his analysis, Taylor focused on time and motion used in the achievement of organizational goals. This is derived from the ability of the organization to maximize the efforts all stakeholders in the organization. Secondly, scientific management has led to development of offshore markets. This has resulted from its ability to analyze techniques used in labor within the organization. The use of these labor techniques is what makes most of the functions that were done in United States to be done oversees.
On the same note, scientific management has come up with methods of production that are most effective and cheap Harris, p. Again, due to the discovery of the theory of scientific management, companies and industries have been able to produce high total quality products. Scientific management has led to quality improvement that has greatly improved the profitability of the company Giovanni, , pp. For example, industries like the automotive and the military industries have greatly improved their product quality. This has been achieved through the use of techniques introduced by Taylor in his discovery of scientific management. The discovery and implementation of scientific management in the organization has created division of labor among the employees.
Division of labor in an organization produces better results and high standards. This helps to create better productivity in the organization and contribute to enhanced product quality. This is because every employee works in the field where he is skilled at. The organizations also benefit from the scientific management in that it helps them come up with a good and organized organizational structure. This approach of creating a good organizational structure was meant to improve efficiency and give employees a motivation right from the lower level. Ritzer , p. This had an enormous effect on the social aspect of life of the employees as it increased the discipline in the working area Harris, , p.
Most companies in the 21st century have adopted the use scientific management in their operations. A good example is the American fast food restaurant that is known worldwide because of its advanced management skills. In his book, Thomas , p. Ford said believed that the profitability of the business organization could be improved by having every employee working according to an assembly line. Ford implemented this in a car manufacturing industry after Taylor invented the idea of division of labor. The American company has adopted a design for the various branches of the food chain in its operations Sigmund, , pp.
This style reduces the number of steps the employees would take to complete a certain duty. In his study on motion, Bell brought the idea of avoiding unnecessary tasks in the organization. This has been adopted by the American fast food restaurant in order to avoid wastage of time. The American fast foods restaurant uses this idea to create hamburger. In his article, Bell says this business organization simplified the hamburger in to a number of steps. This was done as follows; grilling the burger, put in lettuce and tomatoes add sauce then put into rolls and wrap. This has improved efficiency and as well creates specialization because every task required a different employee.
Although scientific management has been of great significance in this restaurant, it has had some limitations. It limits the employees with advanced skills. This is because the skills are just wasted in the highly simplified job operations. This not only denies the opportunity for skill presentation but also their human rights as individuals. Scientific management has also been applied today in supermarkets. This is because supermarkets employ different people due to the different tasks like stacking shelves, scanning products sold in supermarkets and handling of queries.
Another area that uses scientific management is the center for calls which initially used the rule of thumb. This was replaced by scientific management in order to make services from employees efficient and appropriate Bell, , p. As discussed by Ritzer , p. This was used in these call centers where the senior managers recorded the conversations of the employees hence this kept the employees under the control of their employers. Airport is another industry that has adopted the use of scientific management in its daily operations. A good example of this is in tagging with a barcode the luggage and bags as they are carried through sensors in the conveyor belt. This improves efficiency in the industry. Again, in car manufacturing industries, there is also application of the scientific management.
Car manufacturing industries like Toyota make use of this principle in making their products. The process is broken down to various steps. This increases efficiency and improves the quality of the products hence increasing productivity. Another organization using scientific management is the hospitals, which have a reception office. Scientific management has some limitations. This creates dissatisfaction in the work place. It has been asserted that money is a basic need for employees and that all social factors are considered to motivate them. It also seems difficult to implement scientific management because with specialization of employees in tasks businesses cannot create competition in the market.
Borrowing from the assertions in this paper, it can be argued that scientific management has been of much influence to companies and business organizations. By the same token, modern quality assurance, operations management and total quality management methodologies arguably have their roots in scientific management. In this way, scientific management transcends the narrower confines of Taylorism by means of its direct and indirect influence on those subsequent evidence-based methodologies that also attempt to treat management and process improvement systematically as a measurable, scientific problem Witzel and Warner, As such, it would be easy to assume its principles would be largely irrelevant in an industry as complex, innovative and knowledge intensive as Information Technology.
However, on closer examination it becomes evident that scientific management still exerts a significant influence within Microsoft and on how it conducts its business. As with all large multi-national corporations, specialisation and division of labour is very much in evidence at Microsoft. There is a clear division between functional specialists such as software developers, project managers, marketing, sales, HR, finance and legal. As Taylorism advocates, their roles have written job descriptions with clearly defined skills and competencies to ensure employees capabilities and motivations are carefully matched to their position. There are a number of colourful stories that depict the results-orientated culture that Microsoft has relied on historically in its drive for success see, for example, Shaw, Whilst those at the top received bonuses and promotions, those at the bottom were shown the door for further details see B.
Although this was intended to motivate performance, employees found it oppressive. Developers sought to avoid working with top performers, who threatened their own ranking, and as a result free thinking, innovation and collaboration stagnated. Microsoft has, historically, sought to empower employees at all levels. This, in turn, lays the foundations for continuous improvement based on comparison, feedback and the identification of more effective and efficient work methods. Microsoft seeks to encourage improved performance not only by financial incentives, but also by considering more progressive drivers of employee motivation, participation and satisfaction. Thus, software programmers at Microsoft work long hours, but extra discretionary effort is encouraged by free food, relaxed dress code, comfortable offices, and playing games for further details see Birkinshaw and Cramer, So, whereas Taylorism is criticised for its de-humanising tendencies, Microsoft arguably seeks to balance and blend the drive for enhanced productivity with a complementary appeal to the broader hierarchy of needs in its workforce.
This paper has offered a critique of Taylorism as the first and most influential theory that shaped a spectrum of subsequent management practices that fall under the wider umbrella philosophy of scientific management. The example of Microsoft shows how the principles of scientific management inform many practices that are still in use today. For example, the process of iterative product development owes a debt to scientific management as does project management and evaluation. Management the Microsoft Way, The Economist, 21 August Birkinshaw, Julian and Crainer, Stuart, Theory Y meets Generation Y, Management 2.
Towards the Next Economics and Other Essays. London: Heinemann Head, Simon, The New Ruthless Economy: Work and Power in the Digital Age. New York: Oxford University Press Kanigel, Robert, A Mental Revolution: Scientific Management since Taylor. Ohio: Ohio State University Press Ralston, Shane, Changing the goal-setting process at Microsoft, Academy of Management Executive. C, and Kinje Hugo, Norwell: Kluwer Stoney, Christopher, Strategic Management or strategic Taylorism? A case study into change within a UK local authority, International Journal of Public Sector Management, 14 1 Taylor, F.
Principles of Scientific Management, New York: Harper Witzel, M. and Warner, M. Witzel and M. Warner eds. Oxford Handbook of Management Theorists, Oxford and New York, NY: Oxford University Press Witzel, M. Scientific Management Example For Free. com, Jun 26, Accessed January 7, com , Jun Scientific Management Example for Free. Order paper like this. Did you like this example? Type your requirements and get professional help.
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